Particularly useful to those involved in the immune-oncology field, the Spatial Analysis module offers a suite of subsequent analysis tools which can be used to identify proximity and relative spatial distribution of objects, cells, and/or features across single tissues or serial sections. This module is embedded within the HALO platform and can be used in conjunction with any of our cell-based analysis modules for brightfield or fluorescence.
Nearest Neighbor
Determine the average distance and number of unique neighbors between any two cell or object populations. The example below depicts pan cytokeratin positive cells (blue) and CD4 positive cells (red). Grey lines connect each CD4 positive cell to the nearest pan cytokeratin positive cell.
Proximity Analysis
Calculate the number of objects or cells within a certain distance of another object or cell. In the example below, the distance is set to 30 microns. CD8 positive cells within 30 microns of a pan cytokeratin positive cell (blue) are labeled green and CD8 positive cells greater than 30 microns from pan cytokeratin positive cell are labeled purple. A corresponding proximity histogram is automatically generated.
Infiltration Analysis
Determine the number of objects or cells within a set range of an annotated region of interest. Depicted below is a whole slide image stained with CD8. The tumor boundary has been defined/annotated in green. The infiltration analysis tool defines the invasive margin inside of tumor (yellow and red) and the invasive margin outside of the tumor (blue and purple) automatically. In this example, the distance is set to 500 microns around the annotated tumor boundary. CD8 positive cells are quantified within the margin. A histogram is automatically generated to reflect CD8+ cell density inside the tumor boundary (-1 to -500), at the tumor boundary (0), and outside the tumor boundary (+1 to +500) as shown in the image below.
Density Heatmaps
The density heatmap spatial analysis algorithm measures the density of a selected cell population from your object data within a certain radius. The scaling and colors of the markup are customizable. Reported in the summary data, the entire tissue area is analyzed and all cells of the desired population are counted. The average cell population and the average cell population density is calculated within the user-defined radius, as well as the minimum and maximum densities.
The tissue below is stained with an immune cell marker (red stain) and a tumor marker (DAB stain). The image was analyzed with the Multiplex IHC module to detect positivity and produce object data. The density heatmap analysis was used with a radius of 25 microns, measuring the density of immune cell positivity across the whole slide. The markup image, with adjustable transparency, depicts areas of higher density in red and orange, moderate density in yellow, and areas of lower density in green and blue.
File formats supported by the HALO image analysis platform:
- Non-proprietary (JPG, TIF, OME.TIFF)
- Nikon (ND2)
- 3D Histech (MRXS)
- Akoya (QPTIFF, component TIFF)
- Olympus / Evident (VSI)
- Hamamatsu (NDPI, NDPIS)
- Aperio (SVS, AFI)
- Zeiss (CZI)
- Leica (SCN, LIF)
- Ventana (BIF)
- Philips (iSyntax, i2Syntax)
- KFBIO (KFB, KFBF)
- DICOM (DCM*)
*whole-slide images
Quantifying Immune Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment Using HALO® Spatial Analysis Tools
In this application note, we describe two HALO analysis tools that are used to quantify the distribution of immune cells relative to tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment, Proximity Analysis and Tumor Infiltration Analysis.
Characterizing the Cellular Architecture of the Tumor Microenvironment Using Imaging Mass Cytometry and Digital Image Analysis with the HALO® and HALO AI Platform
In this application note, we describe how HALO Highplex FL module, HALO AI and spatial analysis can be used in a convenient workflow for analysis of the TME and highly multiplexed IMC images.
Publication Spotlight
The table below includes publications that cite the Spatial Analysis module.
Your publication not on the list? Drop us an email to let us know about it!
| Title | Authors | Year | Journal | Application | HALO Modules | Product |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Progranulin mediates immune evasion of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma through regulation of MHCI expression | Cheung P, Yang J, Fang R, Borgers A, Krengel K, Stoffel A, Althoff K, Yip C, Siu E, Ng L, Lang K, Cham L, Engel D, Soun C, Cima I, Scheffler B, Striefler J, Sinn M, Bahra M, Pelzer U, Oettle H, Markus P, Smeets E, Aarntzen E, Savvatakis K, Liffers S, Lueong S, Neander C, Bazarna A, Zhang X, Paschen A, Crawford H, Chan A, Cheung S, Siveke J | 2022 | Nature Communications | Oncology | Cytonuclear, Spatial Analysis, Highplex FL | HALO |
| Tumor cell-derived exosomes deliver TIE2 protein to macrophages to promote angiogenesis in cervical cancer | Du S, Qian J, Tan S, Li W, Liu P, Zhao J, Zeng Y, Xu L, Wang Z, Cai J | 2022 | Cancer Letters | Oncology | Area Quantification, Cytonuclear, Spatial Analysis, Highplex FL | HALO |
| Intratumoural spatial distribution of S100B?+?folliculostellate cells is associated with proliferation and expression of FSH and ER? in gonadotroph tumours | Ilie M, Vasiljevic A, Chanal M, Gadot N, Chinezu L, Jouanneau E, Hennino A, Raverot G, Bertolino P | 2022 | Acta Neuropathologica Communications | Oncology | Cytonuclear, Spatial Analysis | HALO |
| Interspatial Distribution of Tumor and Immune Cells in Correlation with PD-L1 in Molecular Subtypes of Gastric Cancers | Dislich B, Mertz K, Gloor B, Langer R | 2022 | Cancers | Immuno-oncology | Multiplex IHC, Spatial Analysis, Figure Maker | HALO |
| Peritumoral TIGIT+CD20+†B cell infiltration indicates poor prognosis but favorable adjuvant chemotherapeutic response in gastric cancer | Liu H, Wu J, Xu X, Wang H, Zhang C, Yin S, He Y | 2022 | International Immunopharmacology | Oncology | Cytonuclear, Spatial Analysis, Highplex FL | HALO |
| SPOP promotes cervical cancer progress by inducing PD-1 move away from PD-L1 in spatial localization | Wu J, Wu Y, Guo Q, Chen S, Wang S, Zhu J, Wu X, Ju X | 2022 | Research Square | Oncology | Cytonuclear, Spatial Analysis, Highplex FL, TMA | HALO |
| Higher proportions of CD39+ tumorresident cytotoxic T cells predict recurrence-free survival in patients with stage III melanoma treated with adjuvant immunotherapy | Attrill G, Owen C, Ahmed T, Vergara I, Colebatch A, Conway J, Nahar K, Thompson J, da Silva I, Carlino M, Menzies A, Lo S, Palendira U, Scolyer R, Long G, Wilmott J | 2022 | Journal of Immuno Therapy of Cancer | Immuno-oncology | Cytonuclear, Spatial Analysis, Highplex FL | HALO |
| gp96 Expression in Gliomas and Its Association with Tumor Malignancy and T Cell Infiltrating Level | Li C, Wang Y, Long L, Zhang P, Zhang Y, Ji N | 2022 | Hindawi Journal of Oncology | Immuno-oncology | Spatial Analysis, Highplex FL, Figure Maker | HALO |
| Spartalizumab or placebo in combination with dabrafenib and trametinib in patients with†BRAF†V600-mutant melanoma: exploratory biomarker analyses from a randomized phase 3 trial (COMBI-i) | Tawbi H, Robert C, Brase J, Gusenleitner D, Gasal E, Garrett J, Savchenko A, Gorgun G, Flaherty K, Ribas A, Dummer R, Schadendorf D, Long G, Nathan P, Ascierto P | 2022 | Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer | Oncology | Multiplex IHC, Spatial Analysis | HALO |
| Endothelial cell death after ionizing radiation does not impair vascular structure in mouse tumor models | Kaeppler J, Chen J, Buono M, Vermeer J, Kannan P, Cheng W, Voukantsis D, Thompson J, Hill M, Allen D, Gomes A, Kersemans V, Kinchesh P, Smart S, Buffa F, Nerlov C, Muschel R, Markelc B | 2022 | EMBO Reports | Oncology | Spatial Analysis, Highplex FL | HALO |
| Approaches to spatially resolving the tumour immune microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma | Marsh-Wakefield F, Ferguson A, Liu K, Santhakumar C, McCaughan G, Palendira U | 2022 | Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology | Review | Multiplex IHC, Spatial Analysis, Highplex FL | HALO |
| Senescence-Associated Molecules and Tumor-Immune-Interactions as Prognostic Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer | Kellers F, Fernandez A, Konykiewitz B, Schindeldecker M, Tagscherer K, Heintz A, Jesinghaus M, Roth W, Foersch S | 2022 | Frontiers in Medicine | Oncology | Classifier, Multiplex IHC, Spatial Analysis, Registration, TMA | HALO |
| Tau Pathology in Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy is Primarily Neuronal | Butler M, Dixon E, Stein T, Alvarez V, Huber B, Buckland M, McKee A, Cherry J | 2022 | Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology | Neuroscience | Multiplex IHC, Spatial Analysis, Highplex FL | HALO, HALO AI |
| Chemoradiation-induced alteration of programmed death-ligand 1, CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and mucin expression in rectal cancer | Baretti M, Zhu Q, Fu W, Meyer J, Wang H, Anders R, Azad N | 2022 | Oncotarget | Oncology | Multiplex IHC, Spatial Analysis | HALO |
| Unveiling the tumor immune microenvironment of organ-specific melanoma metastatic sites | Conway J, Rawson R, Lo S, Ahmed T, Veregara I, Gide T, Attrill G, Carlino M, Saw R, Thompson J, Spillane A, Shannon K, Shivalingam B, Menzies A, Wilmott J, Long G, Scolyer R, da Silva I | 2022 | Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer | Oncology | Classifier, Spatial Analysis, Highplex FL | HALO |
| Haploinsufficiency of the lysosomal sialidase†NEU1†results in a model of pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma in mice | Machado E, van de Vlekkert D, Sheppard H, Perry S, Downing S, Laxton J, Ashmun R, Finkelstein D, Neale G, Hu H, Harwood F, Koo S, Grosveld G, d'Azzo A | 2022 | Communications Biology | Oncology | Membrane, Spatial Analysis | HALO |
| Fibrocytes boost tumor-supportive phenotypic switches in the lung cancer niche via the endothelin system | Weigert A, Zheng X, Nenzel A, Turkowski K, Gunther S, Strack E, Sirait-Fischer E, Elwakeel E, Kur I, Nikam V, Valasarajan C, Winter H, Wissgott A, Voswinkel R, Grimminger F, Brune B, Seeger W, Pullamsetti S, Savai R | 2022 | Nature Communications | Oncology | Spatial Analysis, Highplex FL | HALO |
| Use of High-Plex Data Reveals Novel Insights into the Tumour Microenvironment of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma | De Filippis R, Wolflein G, Um I, Caie P, Warren S, White A, Suen E, To E, Arandjelovic O, Harrison D | 2022 | Cancers | Oncology | Spatial Analysis | HALO, HALO AI |
| Systemic Nos2 Depletion and Cox inhibition limits TNBC disease progression and alters lymphoid cell spatial orientation and density | Somasundaram V, Ridnour L, Cheng R, Walke A, Kedei N, Bhattacharyya D, Wink A, Edmondson E, Butcher D, Warner A, Dorsey T, Scheiblin D, Heinz W, Bryant R, Kinders R, Lipkowitz S, Wong S, Pore M, Hewitt S, McVicar D, Anderson S, Chang J, Glynn S, Ambs S, Lockett S, Wink D | 2022 | Redox Biology | Oncology | Classifer, ISH/FISH, Spatial Analysis, Registration, ISH-IHC/FISH-IF | HALO |
| Annexin A2/TLR2/MYD88 pathway induces arginase 1 expression in tumor-associated neutrophils | Zhang H, Zhu X, Friesen T, Kwak J, Pisarenko T, Mekvanich S, Velasco M, Randolph T, Kargl J, Houghton A | 2022 | Journal of Clinical Investigation | Immuno-oncology | Spatial Analysis, ISH-IHC/FISH-IF | HALO |
| Impact of HPV status on immune responses in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma | Qureshi H, Zhu X, Yang G, Steadele M, Pierce R, Futran N, Lee S, Mendez E, Houghton A | 2022 | Oral Oncology | Oncology | Multiplex IHC, Spatial Analysis, Highplex FL | HALO |
| Developing a Nomogram for Preoperative Prediction of Cervical Cancer Lymph Node Metastasis by Multiplex Immunofluorescence | Wu J, Guo Q, Zhu J, Wu Y, Liang S Chen S, Wang S, Ju X, Wu X | 2022 | Authorea | Oncology | Spatial Analysis, Highplex FL, TMA | HALO |
| Tissue-resident FOLR2+ macrophages associate with CD8+ T cell infiltration in human breast cancer | Ramos R, Missolo-Koussou Y, Gerber-Ferder Y, Bromley C, Bugatti M, Nunez N, Boari J, Richer W, Menger L, Denizeau J, Sedlik C, Caudana P, Kotsias F, Niborski L, Viel S, Bohec M, Lameiras S, Baulande S, Lesage L, Nicolas A, Meseure D, Vincent-Salomon A, Reyal F, Dutertre C, Ginhoux F, Vimeux L, Donnadieu E, Buttard B, Galon J, Zelenay S, Vermi W, Guermonprez P, Piaggio E, Helft J | 2022 | Cell | Immuno-oncology | Classifier, Spatial Analysis, Highplex FL | HALO |
| Neoantigen-specific CD4+ T cells in human melanoma have diverse differentiation states and correlate with CD8+ T cell, macrophage, and B cell function | Veatch J, Lee S, Shasha C, Singhi N, Szeto J, Moshiri A, Kim T, Smythe K, Kong P, Fitzgibbon M, Jesernig B, Bhatia S, Tykodi S, Hall E, Byrd D, Thompson J, Pillarisetty V, Duhen T, Houghton A, Newell E, Gottardo R, Riddell S | 2022 | Cancer Cell | Immuno-oncology | Spatial Analysis, Highplex FL | HALO |
| Escherichia coli-specific CXCL13-producing TFH are associated with clinical efficacy of neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade against muscle-invasive bladder cancer | Goubet A, Lordello L, Silva C, Peguillet I, Gazzano M, Mbogning-Fonkou M, Thelemaque C, Lebacle C, Thibault C, Audenet F, Pignot G, Gravis G, Helissey C, Campbedel L, Roupret M, Xylinas E, Ouzaid I, Dubuisson A, Mazzenga M, Flament C, Ly P, Marty V, Signolle N, Sauvat A, Sbarrato T, Filahi M, Davin C, Haddad G, Khalil J, Bleriot C, Danlos F, Dunsmore G, Mulder K, Silvin A, Raoult T, Archambaud B, Belhechmi S, Boneca I, Cayet N, Moya-Nilges M, Mallet A, Daillere R, Rouleau E, Radulescu C, Allory Y, Fieschi J, Rouanne M, Ginhoux F, Le Teuff G, Derosa L, Marabelle A, Van Dorp J, Van Dijk N, van der Heijden M, Besse B, Andre F, Merad M, Kroemer G, Scoazec J, Zitvogel L, Loriot Y | 2022 | Cancer Discovery | Oncology | Multiplex IHC, Spatial Analysis | HALO |
| Upfront FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab with or without atezolizumab in the treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (AtezoTRIBE): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial | Antoniotti C, Rossini D, Pietrantonio F, Catteau A, Salvatore L, Lonardi S, Boquet I, Tamberi S, Marmorino F, Moretto R, Ambrosini M, Tamburini E, Tortora G, Passardi A, Bergamo F, Kassambara A, Sbarrato T, Morano F, Ritorto G, Borelli B, Boccaccino A, Conca V, Giordano M, Ugolini C, Fieschi J, Papadopulos A, Massoue C, Aprile G, Antonyzzo L, Gelsomino F, Martinelli E, Pella N, Masi G, Fontanini G, Boni L, Galon J, Cremolini C | 2022 | The Lancet Oncology | Oncology | Multiplex IHC, Spatial Analysis | HALO |
| Plasma CD27, a surrogate of the intratumoral CD27-CD70 interaction, correlates with immunotherapy resistance in renal cell carcinoma | Benhamouda N, Sam I, Epaillard N, Gey A, Phan L, Pham H, Gruel N, Saldmann A, Pineau J, Hasan M, Quiniou V, Nevoret C, Verkarre V, Libri V, Mella S, Granier C, Broudin C, Ravel P, De Guillebon E, Mauge L, Helley D, Jabla B, Chaput N, Albiges L, Katsahian S, Adam J, Mejean A, Adotevi O, Vano Y, Oudard S, Tartour E | 2022 | Clinical Cancer Research | Oncology | Spatial Analysis, Highplex FL | HALO |
| High endothelial venules associated with better prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma | Li H, Tang L, Han X, Zhong L, Gao W, Chen Y, Huang J, Wen Z | 2022 | Annals of Diagnostic Pathology | Oncology | Object Colocalization, Spatial Analysis, Highplex FL | HALO |
| Defactinib, pembrolizumab, and gemcitabine in patients with advanced treatment refractory pancreatic cancer: A phase I, dose escalation, and expansion study | Wang-Gillam A, Lim K, McWilliams R, Suresh R, Lockhart A, Brown A, Breden M, Belle J, Herndon J, Bogner S, Pedersen K, Tan B, Boice N, Acharya A, Abdiannia M, Gao F, Yoon H, Zhu M, Trikalinos N, Ratner L, Aranha O, Hawkins W, Herzog B, DeNardo D | 2022 | Clinical Cancer Research | Immuno-oncology | Multiplex IHC, Spatial Analysis | HALO |
| Th1-involved immune infiltrates improve neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy response of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma | Yuan J, Weng Z, Tan Z, Luo K, Zhong J, Xie X, Qu C, Lin X, Yang H, Wen J, Fu J | 2022 | Cancer Letters | Immuno-oncology | Multiplex IHC, Spatial Analysis | HALO |
| Chronic rhinosinusitis patients display an aberrant immune cell localisation with enhanced S. aureus biofilm metabolic activity and biomass | Shaghayegh G, Cooksley C, Bouras G, Panchatcharam B, Idrizi R, Jana M, Ellis S, Psaltis A, Wormald P, Vreugde S | 2022 | Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology | Immunology, Infectious Disease | Classifier, Spatial Analysis, Highplex FL | HALO |
| Autologous T cell therapy for MAGE-A4+ solid cancers in HLA-A*02+ patients: a phase 1 trial | Hong D, Van Tine B, Biswas S, McAlpine C, Johnson M, Olszanski A, Clarke J, Araujo D, Blumenschein G, Kebriaei P, Lin Q, Tipping A, Sanderson J, Wang R, Trivedi T, Annareddy T, Bai J, Rafail S, Sun A, Fernandes L, Navenot J-M, Bushman F, Everett J, Karadeniz D, Broad R, Isabelle M, Naidoo R, Bath N, Betts G, Wolchinsky Z, Batrakou D, Van Winkle E, Elefant E, Ghobadi A, Cashen A, Grand'Maison A, McCarthy P, Fracasso P, Norry E, Williams D, Druta M, Liebner D, Odunsi K, Butler M | 2023 | Nature Medicine | Immuno-oncology | ISH/FISH, Spatial Analysis, Highplex FL | HALO |
| CD8+ Cell Density Gradient across the Tumor Epithelium–Stromal Interface of Non-Muscle Invasive Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma Predicts Recurrence-Free Survival after BCG Immunotherapy | Drachneris J, Rasmusson A, Morkunas M, Fabijonavicius M, Cekauskas A, Jankevicius F, Laurinavicius A | 2023 | Cancers | Immuno-oncology | Multiplex IHC, Spatial Analysis, HALO AI | HALO |
| PD-1+CD8+ T Cells Proximal to PD-L1+CD68+ Macrophages Are Associated with Poor Prognosis in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Patients | Yang X, Wang G, Song Y, Zhuang T, Li Y, Xie Y, Fei X, Zhao Y, Xu D, Hu Y | 2023 | Cancers | Oncology, Immuno-oncology | Classifier, Spatial Analysis, Highplex FL, Registration, TMA | HALO |
| Co-enrichment of CD8-positive T cells and macrophages is associated with clinical benefit of tislelizumab in solid tumors | Ye D, Desai J, Shi J, Liu S, Shen W, Liu T, Shi Y, Wang D, Liang L, Yang S, Ma X, Jin W, Zhang P, Huang R, Shen Z, Zhang Y, Wu Y | 2023 | Biomarker Research | Immuno-oncology | Spatial Analysis, Highplex FL | HALO |
| Cellular mechanisms of heterogeneity in NF2-mutant schwannoma | Chiasson-MacKenzie C, Vitte J, Liu C, Wright E, Flynn E, Stott S, Giovannini M, McClatchey A | 2023 | Nature Communications | Oncology | Classifier, Multiplex IHC, Spatial Analysis, FISH-IF | HALO |
| The localization of molecularly distinct microglia populations to Alzheimer's disease pathologies using QUIVER | Shahidehpour R, Nelson A, Sanders L, Embry C, Nelson P, Bachstetter A | 2023 | Acta Neuropathologica Communications | Neuroscience | Area Quantification, Object Colocalization, Spatial Analysis, Registration | |
| Development of a deep pathomics score for predicting hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplantation | Qu W, Tian M, Lu G, Zhou Y, Liu W, Tang Z, Yao Z, Huang R, Zhu G, Jiang X, Tao C, Fang Y, Gao J, Wu X, Chen J, Zhao Q, Yang R, Chu T, Zhou J, Fan J, Yu J, Shi Y | 2023 | Hepatology International | Oncology | ISH, Spatial Analysis, Highplex FL | HALO |
| An Immune-Related Gene Expression Signature Predicts Benefit from Adding Atezolizumab to FOLFOXIRI plus Bevacizumab in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer | Antoniotti C, Boccaccino A, Seitz R, Giordano M, Catteau A, Rossini D, Pietrantonio F, Salvatore L, McGregor K, Bergamo F, Conca V, Leonetti S, Morano F, Papiani G, Tamburini E, Bensi M, Murgioni S, Ross D, Passardi A, Boquet I, Nielsen T, Galon J, Varga M, Schweitzer B, and Cremolini C | 2023 | Clinical Cancer Research | Immuno-oncology | Multiplex IHC, Spatial Analysis | HALO |
| Single-cell and spatial transcriptome analysis reveals the cellular heterogeneity of liver metastatic colorectal cancer | Wang F, Long J, Li L, Wu Z, Da T, Wang X, Huang C, Jiang Y, Yao X, Ma H, Lian Z, Zhao Z, Cao J | 2023 | Science Advances | Oncology | Multiplex IHC, Spatial Analysis, Highplex FL | HALO |
| Dissecting tumor lymphocyte infiltration to predict benefit from immune-checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic colorectal cancer: lessons from the AtezoTRIBE study | Moretto R, Rossini D, Catteau A, Antoniotti C, Giordano M, Boccaccino A, Ugolini C, Proietti A, Conca V, Kassambara A, Pietrantonio F, Salvatore L, Lonardi S, Tamberi S, Tamburini E, Poma A, Fieschi J, Fontanini G, Masi G, Galon J, Cremolini C | 2023 | Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer | Immuno-oncology | Multiplex IHC, Spatial Analysis | HALO |
| High tumor mutational burden predicts favorable response to anti-PD-(L)1 therapy in patients with solid tumor: a real-world pan-tumor analysis | Jung J, Heo Y, Park S | 2023 | Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer | Immuno-oncology | Spatial Analysis, Highplex FL | HALO |
| Immunoscore immune checkpoint using spatial quantitative analysis of CD8 and PD-L1 markers is predictive of the efficacy of anti- PD1/PD-L1 immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer | Ghiringhelli F, Bibeau F, Greillier L, Fumet J, Ilie A, Monville F, Laugé C, Catteau A, Boquet I, Majdi A, Morgand E, Oulkhouir Y, Brandone N, Adam J, Sbarrato T, Kassambara A, Fieschi J, Garcia S, Lepage A, Tomasini P, Galon J | 2023 | EBioMedicine | Immuno-oncology | Multiplex IHC, Spatial Analysis | HALO |
| Epitope Lability of Phosphorylated Biomarkers of the DNA Damage Response Pathway Results in Increased Vulnerability to Effects of Delayed or Incomplete Formalin Fixation | Wiseman E, Moss J, Atkinson J, Baakza H, Hayes E, Willis S, Waring P, Canales J, Jones G | 2023 | Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry | Other | Classifier, Cytonuclear, Spatial Analysis | HALO |
| The Hippo-YAP signaling pathway drives CD24- mediated immune evasion in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via macrophage phagocytosis | Yan Z, Hou J, Zhang L, Chen Z, Gao C, Ahmad N, Guo M, Wang W, Han T, Chang T, Kang X, Wang L, Liang Y, Li X, Zhou X | 2023 | Research Square | Immuno-oncology | Spatial Analysis | HALO |
| Stem cell-like T cell depletion in the recurrent head and neck cancer immune microenvironment | Chen L, Lee N, Sarkar R, Katabi N, Li Y, Morris L, Wong R, Sherman E, Reis-Filho J, Hollmann T, Riaz N | 2023 | OncoImmunology | Immuno-oncology | Spatial Analysis, Highplex FL | HALO |
| Differential expression of CD8 defines phenotypically distinct cytotoxic T cells in cancer and multiple sclerosis | Burkard T, Herrero San Juan M, Dreis C, Kiprina A, Namgaladze D, Siebenbrodt K, Luger S, Foerch C, Pfeilschifter J, Weigert A, Radeke H | 2023 | Clinical and Translational Medicine | Oncology, immunology | Classifier, Spatial Analysis, Highplex FL, TMA | HALO |
| Multiplex Immunohistochemistry and Immunofluorescence: A Practical Update for Pathologists | Harms P, Frankel T, Moutafi M, Rao A, Rimm D, Taube J, Thomas D, Chang M, Pantanowitz L | 2023 | Modern Pathology | Review | Spatial Analysis, Highplex FL | HALO |
Related HALO Modules
Separate multiple tissue classes across a tissue using a learn-by-example approach. Can be used in conjunction with all other modules (fluorescent and brightfield) to select specific tissue classes for further analysis.
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Count one or two objects and measure the object area, diameter, stain intensity, and colocalization (where applicable). Microvessel and amyloid plaque quantification are most common applications.
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Quantify expression of up to five brightfield stains in any cellular compartment - membrane, nucleus or cytoplasm.
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